Louise Bogan
Louise Bogan, ki te fèt 11 out 1897 nan ti vil Livermore Falls, nan konte Androscoggin touprè vil Lewiston nan Eta Maine, epi ki mouri 4 févriye 1970 nan Nouyòk, se yon powèt, pwofesè inivèsite ak kritik literè amerikèn ki gen atik sou pwezi pou magazin The New Yorker ak konferans li yo te gen yon gwo enfliyans sou otè ameriken tankou Theodore Roethke, May Sarton, William Morris Meredith Jr. (en) (anndan), Sylvia Plath, elatriye. Li se premye fanm Direktè Bibliyotèk Kongrè a chwazi pou okipe pòs United States Poet Laureate (en) ( Powèt Loreya Etazini ) an 1945.
Biyografi
[modifye | modifye kòd]Jèn ak fòmasyon
[modifye | modifye kòd]Louise Mary Bogan te pitit fi Daniel Joseph Bogan, yon fòmann ki te travay nan yon moulen papye ( International Paper Company ), ak Mary Helen Murphy Shields, yo te rele May Bogan, ki te rayi sant moulen an ak lavi pwovens lan. An 1901, fanmi Bogan an te demenaje ale Milton, New Hampshire, yo te lwe de chanm nan yon otèl, premye a te okipe pa Daniel Bogan ak pi gran pitit gason l lan, dezyèm lan te okipe pa May ak Louise Bogan. Relasyon ant May ak Daniel Bogan ap deteryore, May fè yon seri avanti amoure devan tout pitit fi li a. An 1906, fanmi Bogan an te demenaje pou Ballardvale, Massachusetts (en), yon vil endistriyèl toupre Andover . Louise pran refij nan liv pou l chape anba diskisyon ant paran li yo. Li te fini etid primè li nan Mount Saint Mary Academy nan Manchester, New Hampshire . An 1909, fanmi Bogan an te demenaje pou Boston, Massachusetts, sa ki te pèmèt Louise ale lekòl segondè nan Boston Latin Academy (en) kote li te resevwa yon edikasyon kalite siperyè nan klasik ak literati angle [1] , [2] , [3] .
An 1915, li te antre nan Inivèsite Boston, kote li te plonje tèt li nan lekti Arthur Symons, Walter Pater, Max Stirner, Aubrey Beardsley, Amy Lowell, Louise Imogen Guiney [4], Compton Mackenzie, Alice Meynell, Christina Rossetti, Sara Teasdale, Lizette Woodworth Reese (en) [5], Ri Edna. Vincent Millay ak Elinor Wylie . Men, byenke li te jwenn yon bousdetid pou kontinye etid inivèsitè li nan Radcliffe College, Cambridge, toupre Boston, li te abandone etid li yo pou konsakre tèt li nan lavi li kòm madanm ak manman [6] , [7] , [8]
Anfèt, a 19 ans, li te marye ak yon ofisye lame ameriken, Curt Alexander. Okòmansman, koup la te rete sou Bleecker Street nan katye Greenwich Village nan Manhattan . Men, lè Etazini te antre nan lagè a an 1917, Louise te swiv mari l nan nouvo pòs li nan Panama . Louise pa t ka sipòte klima ekwatoryal la epi an 1918 li te retounen lakay manman l ak pitit fi li Maidie. An 1919, Louise te al jwenn mari l ki te asiyen nan baz militè Fort Dix nan New Jersey . Louise regilyèman pran feri a pou ale Greenwich Village pou l rankontre zanmi l yo. Pandan ete 1919 la, tansyon nan koup la te tèlman gwo ke Louise te kite l ak pitit fi yo Maidie epi li te demenaje nan yon apatman ki sitiye nan 12 West 9th Street nan kè Greenwich Village [9] , [10] , [11] .
Karyè
[modifye | modifye kòd]Apre lanmò mari l' an 1920, Louise Bogan te konte sou pansyon vèv militè li ak salè li kòm yon anplwaye nan libreri Brentano a. Li te vin patisipe nan lavi literè Greenwich Village la, li te rankontre plizyè ekriven tankou William Carlos Williams, Malcolm Cowley (en) [12], Paul Rosenfeld, Lola Ridge, Mina Loy, John Silas Reed, Louise Bryant, Marianne Moore, Conrad Aiken epi sitou kritik literè Edmund Wilson [13] ki pral vin konseye li epi ki pral ankouraje l pou l ekri atik revizyon ak kritik literè pou diferan magazin [14] , [15] , [16] .
Premye etap literè yo
[modifye | modifye kòd]An 1921, senk premye powèm li yo te pibliye pa magazin Poetry, fonde epi dirije pa Harriet Monroe . Apre sa, li te pibliye plizyè atik kritik literè nan magazin ak jounal tankou The New Republic, Vanity Fair, The Liberator (magazin), epi apre sa li te editris seksyon kritik literè nan New York Evening Post la [11] . An menm tan, li te travay avèk Marianne Moore nan Bibliyotèk Piblik Nouyòk la, kote yo toulede te kole pòch kat prè anndan liv [17] .
An 1922, Louise Bogan te fè yon vwayaj an bato pou ale an Ewòp, li te vizite Pari, Zurich ak Vyèn. Pandan arè li yo an Ewòp, li te ekri lòt powèm ke, lè li te retounen an Oktòb 1922, li te fini pou piblikasyon.11ye janvye 1923 nan koleksyon pwezi ki gen tit Body of This Death [ 1 ] , [ 14 ] , [ 16 ] .
An 1925, apre maryaj li ak Raymond P. Holden (en) Raymond P. Holden (en), li mennen pitit fi li Maidie, ke li te konfye bay fanmi. Louise elaji sèk zanmi li, tankou Léonie Adams, Genevieve Taggard, Rolfe Humphries (en) Margaret Mead, Ruth Benedict, Scudder Middleton [18] . Li te pibliye Dark Summer an 1929 epi answit The Sleeping Fury an 1937 .
Antre New Yorker la
[modifye | modifye kòd]Raymond Holden, ki te kraze akòz kriz 1929 la, vin editè an chèf magazin The New Yorker la, Katherine S. White [19] te konvenk Harold Ross, fondatè New Yorker la, pou pibliye pwezi epi kreye yon seksyon kritik literè wo nivo; Prezans Raymond Holden ak dènye piblikasyon Louise yo te fasilite anbochaj li pou ekri seksyon pwezi ak kritik literè yo, yon pozisyon li te kenbe jiska lanmò li [20] , [21] . Louise Bogan te pibliye tout kritik li yo ki te parèt nan New Yorker la nan liv li a A Poet's Alphabet: Reflections on the Literary Art and Vocation [22] .
- ↑ « Bogan, Louise (1897–1970) | Encyclopedia.com ». www.encyclopedia.com (in anglais). Retrieved 2020-12-31.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Empty citation (help).
- ↑ « Louise Imogen Guiney | American poet and essayist ». Encyclopedia Britannica (in anglais). Retrieved 2021-01-01.
- ↑ « Lizette Woodworth Reese | American poet ». Encyclopedia Britannica (in anglais). Retrieved 2021-01-01.
- ↑ « Bogan, Louise (1897–1970) | Encyclopedia.com ». www.encyclopedia.com (in anglais). Retrieved 2020-12-31.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ « Bogan, Louise (1897–1970) | Encyclopedia.com ». www.encyclopedia.com (in anglais). Retrieved 2020-12-31.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ 11,0 et 11,1 Commire et Klezme 1999.
- ↑ « Malcolm Cowley | American literary critic ». Encyclopedia Britannica (in anglais). Retrieved 2021-01-01.
- ↑ « Edmund Wilson | American critic ». Encyclopedia Britannica (in anglais). Retrieved 2021-01-01.
- ↑ « Bogan, Louise (1897–1970) | Encyclopedia.com ». www.encyclopedia.com (in anglais). Retrieved 2020-12-31.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Foundation, Poetry (2021-01-01). « Louise Bogan ». Poetry Foundation (in anglais). Retrieved 2021-01-01.
- ↑ « Bogan, Louise (1897–1970) | Encyclopedia.com ». www.encyclopedia.com (in anglais). Retrieved 2020-12-31.
- ↑ « Scudder Middleton: The Greenwich Village Bookshop Door ». norman.hrc.utexas.edu (in anglais). Retrieved 2021-01-05.
- ↑ « White, Katharine S. (1892–1977) | Encyclopedia.com ». www.encyclopedia.com (in anglais). Retrieved 2021-01-05.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ « Bogan, Louise (1897–1970) | Encyclopedia.com ». www.encyclopedia.com (in anglais). Retrieved 2020-12-31.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)