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Vèsyon jou 17 janvye 2011 à 02:21

Fòs Ayeryen Swis
Fichye:Anblem FosAyerenSwis.gif
Fonde	31 Jiyè 1914
Peyi	Swis
Grosè	1600 pèsonèl aktif
Pati d	Fòs Ame Swis
Kòmandan
Chèf Fòs Ayeryen	Jeneral de Division Gygax Markus
Ensiy
Ensiy Fòs Ayeryen Swis	Fichye:EnsiyFosAyeryenSwis.gif
Ensiy Fòs Ayeryen Swis	Fichye:SwissRoundel.png

Fòs Ayeryen Swis la (Alman: Schweizer Luftwaffe;; Franse: Forces aériennes suisses; Italyen: Forze Aeree Svizzere) se konpozan lè pou Fòs Ame Swis la. Se etabli nan 31 Jiyè 1914 men pat vini sèvis apa pandan lane 1936. Nan 1 Janvye 1996, li vini sèvis endepandan apa d lame.

Fòs Ayeryen Swis la gen wit baz avek Payerne kon plis enpotan bas la nan Swis d Lwes. Lot baz ankli baz elikòptè nan Alpnach, yon baz ki pa aktif nan Buochs ak baz nan Bèn, Emmen, Meiringen, Sion e Locarno. Fòs Ayeryen femen baz nan Mollis pou Janvye 2007 e li pral fe pi piti baz nan Alpnach.

History

Modèl:Main The history of the Swiss Air Force began in 1914 with the establishment of an ad hoc force consisting of a handful of men in outdated and largely civilian aircraft. It was only in the 1930s that an effective air force was established at great cost, capable of inflicting several embarrassing defeats on the Nazi Luftwaffe in the course of an initially vigorous defence of neutral Swiss airspace. The Swiss Air Force as an autonomous military service was created in October 1936. After World War II it was renamed the Swiss Air Force and Anti-Aircraft Command (Schweizerische Flugwaffe Kommando der Flieger und Fliegerabwehrtruppen) and in 1996 became a separate service independent from the Army, under its present name Schweizer Luftwaffe.

The mission of the Swiss Air Force historically has been to support ground troops (erdkampf) in repelling invasions of neutral Swiss territory, with a secondary mission of defending the sovereignty of Swiss airspace. During World War II this doctrine was severely tested when Switzerland was literally caught in the middle of an air war and subjected to both attacks and intrusions by aircraft of all combatants. Its inability to prevent such violations of its neutrality led for a period to a complete cessation of air intercepts, followed by a practice of coercing small numbers of intruders to submit to internment.^[1]

At the end of the 1950s, reflecting both the threat of possible invasion by the Soviet Union and the realities of nuclear warfare, Swiss military doctrine changed to that of a dynamic (mobile) defense that included missions for the Swiss Air Force outside of its territory, in order to defeat standoff attacks and nuclear threats, including the possibility of defensive employment of air-delivered nuclear weapons. However the inability to field an air force of sufficient capability to carry out such missions led to a return of traditional doctrine.^[2]

In 1995 the Swiss abandoned traditional doctrine and implemented a defensive plan that made control of Swiss airspace its highest and main priority. Modernization of the Swiss Air Force to achieve this mission was subject to popular referenda challenging its cost and practice.

Structure

The Swiss Air Force has been traditionally a militia-based service, including its pilots, with an inventory of approximately 456 aircraft whose lengthy service lives (many for more than 30 years) overlapped several eras. Beginning with its separation from the Army in 1996, however, the Air Force has been down-sizing, now approximating 270 fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft, and moving more towards a smaller, professionalized force.

Its primary front-line air-defence fleet consists of 33 F-18 Hornets (Squadrons: 11, 17, 18. 34 were originally bought, but one crashed) and 54 remaining F-5 Tiger IIs (110 were originally purchased). In October 2008 the Swiss Hornet fleet reached the 50,000 flight hour milestone.^[3] In 2010 the Swiss Air Force intends to begin the retirement of the F-5 in the three squadrons (Patrouille Suisse, 8th, 19th) that use it and hopes to acquire a New Warplane/Neues Kampfflugzeug (NFK) as replacement. As with the earlier F/A-18 procurement conducted in the late 1990s, this is expected to prove a politically fraught procurement due to Switzerland's socialist, anti-army and green groups, which are all opposed to such purchases. The Patrouille Suisse will need to change to a new aircraft, either the F/A-18 Hornet or the new fighter. The Eurofighter Typhoon, Dassault Rafale and the Saab Gripen are being considered, with Boeing announcing on 1 May 2008, that it was removing the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet from further consideration.

In 2011 the Swiss Air Force will also be retiring its fleet of 60 Aérospatiale Alouette III, which will be replaced by Eurocopter EC-635s. The first EC-635 was delivered on 12 March 2008.^[4]

A report in the Swiss news magazine FACTS reveals that the Swiss Air Force only provides ready-to-take-off aircraft during office hours – on working days. The air force staff declared that, due to financial limits, they are not operational all the time.^[5] The difficulty of defending Swiss airspace is illustrated by the mountainous character and the small size of the country; the maximum extension of Switzerland is 348 km, a distance that can be flown in little over 20 minutes by commercial aircraft. Furthermore, Switzerland's policy of neutrality means that they are unlikely to be deployed elsewhere.

The national aerobatic demonstration team of Swiss Air Force is the Patrouille Suisse, which flies the F-5 Tiger II aircraft.

Air defence

Radar and weather station on top of Mt Pilatus.

Florako (alman : FLugsicherungs Operations RAdar KOmmandosystem – Air security operations radar command system) is a combined air defence-air operations command and control system developed for the Swiss Air Force on an American/French basis by the firm Thales Raytheon Systems.

The practical design of the Florako system had to meet and adapt to all Swiss operational circumstances such as high and rough terrain and all extreme weather conditions, as well as practical integration and segregation of Swiss civil and military flight security.

It consists of a chain of radar stations, command and control, computer, weather and communication facilities throughout Switzerland. The first Florako units were operational in 2003 and the operational lifetime of the Florako system is guaranteed for at least 25 years.

Inventory

Aircraft

Modèl:Standard table ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Aircraft ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Origin ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Type ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Versions ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|In service ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Notes |- | rowspan=2|McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet || rowspan=2| Etazini || rowspan=2|Multi-role fighter || F/A-18C || 26 || rowspan=2| |- | F/A-18D || 7 |- | rowspan=2|Northrop F-5 Tiger II || rowspan=2| Etazini || rowspan=2|Fighter || F-5E || 54 || rowspan=2|Currently used only for aerobatics, target-towing and electronic warfare training - scheduled to be completely replaced by 2015.^[6] Dassault Rafale, Saab Gripen and Eurofighter Typhoon are being evaluated as replacement.^[7] |- | F-5F || 12 |- | Pilatus PC-7 Turbo Trainer || Modèl:SUI || Trainer || PC-7 || 34 || 28 aircraft will receive a new cockpit (glass cockpit, updated avionics), the remaining 9 PC-7 will be sold ^[8] |- | Pilatus PC-9 || Modèl:SUI || Trainer || PC-9/F || 11 || Trainer / target towing |- | Pilatus PC-21 || Modèl:SUI || Advanced trainer || PC-21 || 6 || |- | Beechcraft 1900 || Etazini || Transport || 1900D || 1 || |- | DHC-6 Twin Otter || Kanada || Photographic mapping || DHC-6 || 1 || |- | Beechcraft Super King Air || Etazini || Photographic mapping || 350C || 1 || |- | Pilatus PC-6 Turbo-Porter || Modèl:SUI || Light transport || PC-6/B2-H2M-1 || 16 || |- | Pilatus PC-12 || Modèl:SUI || Light transport || PC-12/45 || 1 || Owned by Armasuisse (Swiss military procurement) |- | Dassault Falcon 50 || Modèl:FRA || VIP transport || Falcon 50 || 1 || |- | Cessna Citation Excel || Etazini || VIP transport || Ce-560XL || 1 || |} Source: Swiss Armed Forces - Air Force assets (p.12);^[9] Schweizer Luftwaffe - Mittel: Flugzeuge, Helikopter, Flab^[10]

Helicopters

Modèl:Standard table ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Aircraft ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Origin ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Type ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Versions ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|In service ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Notes |- | Aérospatiale Super Puma || Modèl:FRA || Transport || AS332M1 || 15 || |- | Eurocopter Cougar || Modèl:FRA || Transport || AS532UL || 12 || |- | rowspan=2|Eurocopter EC 635 || rowspan=2|Modèl:GER || Utility || EC 635 || 18 || rowspan=2|Currently being delivered |- | VIP transport || EC 635 VIP || 2 |- | Aérospatiale Alouette III || Modèl:FRA || Utility || SA316B || 20 || Being replaced by EC 635 |} Source: Swiss Armed Forces - Air Force assets (p.12);^[9] Schweizer Luftwaffe - Mittel: Flugzeuge, Helikopter, Flab^[10]

Anti-aircraft

Modèl:Standard table ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Name ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Origin ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Type ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|In service ! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Notes |- | Oerlikon 35 mm twin cannon || Modèl:CHE || anti-aircraft guns || 45 || known as "Flab Kanone 63/90" |- | FIM-92 Stinger || Etazini || anti-aircraft guided missile || 288 || |- | Rapier missile || Modèl:GBR || anti-aircraft guided missile || 54 || known as "Mobile Lenkwaffen Flugabwehr" |} Source: Swiss Armed Forces - Air Force assets (p.12);^[9] Schweizer Luftwaffe - Mittel: Flugzeuge, Helikopter, Flab^[10]

Previously operated aircraft

References

↑ Lombardi, Fiona (2007). The Swiss Air Power: Wherefrom? Whereto?, Zürich University, p.40-41.
↑ Lombardi, The Swiss Airpower, p.45.
↑ « Swiss Hornets reach 50,000 flight hours milestone ». Military Aviation Publications. 2008-10-24. Retrieved 14 jiyè 2009.
↑ « Order of Battle - Switzerland ». Military Aviation Publications. Retrieved 14 jiyè 2009.
↑ FACTS. 06/30. p. 20. Check date values in: |date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
↑ Erè nan sitasyon : Baliz <ref> pa valab ; nou pa bay tèks pou ref yo ki rele AFM
↑ http://www.ar.admin.ch/internet/armasuisse/en/home/aktuell/evaluation_tte.html
↑ http://www.lw.admin.ch/internet/luftwaffe/de/home/dokumentation/assets/aircraft/pc7.html
↑ ^9,0 ^9,1 et ^9,2 « The basic organisation of the Swiss Armed Forces » (PDF). Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports. Retrieved 12 jiyè 2009.
↑ ^10,0 ^10,1 et ^10,2 « Mittel: Flugzeuge, Helikopter, Flab » (in German). Swiss Air Force. Retrieved 14 jiyè 2009.

External links

Modèl:Commonscat-inline

Modèl:Military of Switzerland Modèl:European topic Modèl:Aviation lists

[1] Lombardi, Fiona (2007). The Swiss Air Power: Wherefrom? Whereto?, Zürich University, p.40-41.

[2] Lombardi, The Swiss Airpower, p.45.

[3] « Swiss Hornets reach 50,000 flight hours milestone ». Military Aviation Publications. 2008-10-24. Retrieved 14 jiyè 2009.

[Swiss_military_aviation_OrBat-4] « Order of Battle - Switzerland ». Military Aviation Publications. Retrieved 14 jiyè 2009.

[5] FACTS. 06/30. p. 20. Check date values in: |date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)

[AFM-6] Erè nan sitasyon : Baliz <ref> pa valab ; nou pa bay tèks pou ref yo ki rele AFM

[7] ttp://www.ar.admin.ch/internet/armasuisse/en/home/aktuell/evaluation_tte.html

[8] ttp://www.lw.admin.ch/internet/luftwaffe/de/home/dokumentation/assets/aircraft/pc7.html

[basics-9] 9,0 ^9,1 et ^9,2 « The basic organisation of the Swiss Armed Forces » (PDF). Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports. Retrieved 12 jiyè 2009.

[airassets-10] 10,0 ^10,1 et ^10,2 « Mittel: Flugzeuge, Helikopter, Flab » (in German). Swiss Air Force. Retrieved 14 jiyè 2009.

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@@ Liy 194 : / Liy 194 : @@
 [[es:Fuerza Aérea Suiza]]
 [[fi:Sveitsin ilmavoimat]]
-[[fr:Armée de l'air suisse]]
+[[fr:Forces aériennes suisses]]
 [[hu:Svájci Légierő]]
 [[it:Forze aeree svizzere]]